Nkag siab txog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke - Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog ib qho kev kawm nyuaj tab sis nws tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab tias cov khoom sib xyaw muaj dab tsi thiab lawv ua dab tsi.
Admixtures yog cov khoom xyaw hauv cov pob zeb uas yog lwm yam tsis yog cov khoom siv hydraulic cementitious, dej, aggregates lossis fiber reinforcement uas yog siv los ua cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov cementitious sib tov los hloov nws cov tshiab sib xyaw, teeb tsa lossis hardened zog thiab ntxiv rau cov khoom ua ntej lossis thaum lub sijhawm. sib tov.
Cov dej-txo admixtures txhim kho cov pob zeb ntawm cov yas (ntub) thiab cov khoom tawv tawv, thaum cov txheej txheem tswj cov khoom siv yog siv rau hauv cov pob zeb uas tau muab tso rau thiab ua tiav rau lwm yam uas tsis yog qhov kub thiab txias.Ob leeg, thaum siv kom tsim nyog, pab txhawb rau kev coj ua zoo.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kev lag luam kev tsim kho, hauv qab no yog cov feem ntau lug siv pob zeb admixtures .
●Dej txo cov pob zeb sib xyaw
●Superplasticising qhob admixtures
● Teem Retarding pob zeb sib tov
● Accelerating pob zeb sib tov
●Air-entraining qhob admixtures
● Dej Resisting pob zeb sib tov
●Retarded, npaj-rau-siv mortars
● Txau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke
● Corrosion inhibiting qhob admixtures
● Foamed Concrete admixtures

Dej txo cov pob zeb sib xyaw
Dej-txo admixtures yog cov dej-soluble organic cov ntaub ntawv, uas txo cov nqi ntawm cov dej uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav kev ua hauj lwm uas tsis cuam tshuam rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm huab cua los yog curing ntawm cov pob zeb.Lawv ua peb txoj haujlwm:
● Ua kom muaj zog thiab tus nqi ntawm lub zog nce.
● Kev lag luam hauv kev sib xyaw tsim thiab txo cov pa roj carbon hneev taw.
● Ua haujlwm ntau ntxiv.

Superplasticising qhob admixtures
Cov dej ntau cov dej txo cov khoom siv yog hu ua Superplasticising admixtures yog hluavtaws, dej-soluble organic chemicals, feem ntau yog cov polymers, uas txo cov dej uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov sib xws hauv cov pob zeb yas.
Lawv txo cov ntsiab lus dej yam tsis tau txo lub zog rau kev ua haujlwm siab.Lawv kuj txhim kho durability.
Cov dej ntau yam uas txo cov admixtures muaj nuj nqi zoo ib yam li 'Ntawm Dej Txo Admixtures, tab sis lawv muaj zog dua hauv lawv cov cement dispersing kev txiav txim thiab tuaj yeem siv ntau dua yam tsis muaj kev phiv xws li huab cua nkag los yog retardation ntawm teeb.

Teem retarding qhob admixtures
Teem retarding admixtures yog cov dej-soluble tshuaj uas ncua qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cement.Lawv tsis plasticise ntau thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov dej xav tau lossis lwm yam khoom ntawm cov pob zeb.
Teem retarding dej-txo admixtures tsis tsuas yog ncua qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cement tab sis kuj nce kev ua haujlwm pib los ntawm plasticising cov pob zeb lossis txo nws cov dej thov.Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj retarding admixtures yog hom no.
Retarding dej-txo thiab retarding siab ntau yam dej reducers yog siv rau:
● Ncua lub sijhawm teem ntawm pob zeb
● Tiv thaiv kev tsim cov pob qij txha
● Ua kom pib ua haujlwm tau zoo
● Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau cov pob zeb Ua kom lub zog kawg.
● Tsim kev lag luam hauv kev tsim qauv sib xyaw
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thaum ib tug retarder yog xav tau rau khaws cia ntawm slump.Ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv retarding tsis nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tsim slump tuav thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv rau qhov sib tov yuav xav tau.

Accelerating qhob admixtures
Accelerating admixtures tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tus nqi txhav / kev teeb tsa ntawm cov pob zeb los yog kom nce tus nqi ntawm hardening thiab thaum ntxov zog nce kom tso cai ua ntej de-moulding thiab tuav.Feem ntau cov accelerators feem ntau ua tiav ib qho tsis yog ob qho ntawm cov haujlwm no.
Accelerators yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Set accelerators yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev ntawm kev tswj lub sijhawm teeb tsa ntawm cov pob zeb zoo li no, txawm tias muaj cov cement hloov.
Accelerators kuj tseem siv los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm khov thaum concreting nyob rau hauv huab cua txias thiab tso cai rau kev tshem tawm ua ntej ntawm daim ntawv ua hauj lwm tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lawv tsis yog ib tug anti-freeze.Lub ntsej muag raug pom ntawm cov pob zeb tawg yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv thiab kho kom zoo.
Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txhim kho lub zog thaum ntxov yog siv cov dej ntau ntau.
Kev txo qis (ntau dua 15%) hauv cov dej cement piv tuaj yeem ntau dua ob lub zog compressive thaum muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 24 teev.Accelerators tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog superplasticisers (< 0.35 w / c ratio) qhov twg thaum ntxov muaj zog yuav tsum tau.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qis kub.Yog tias xav tau, kev siv cov accelerators tuaj yeem ua ke nrog ntau cov dej txo qis kom ntxiv dag zog rau kev txhim kho thaum ntxov hauv ob qho tib si qis thiab kub ib txwm.
Lwm daim ntawv thov rau kev sib xyaw ua kom nrawm suav nrog kev kho vaj tse sai thiab hauv kev tiv thaiv dej hiav txwv ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias thaum ntxov stiffening ntawm pob zeb hauv thaj tsam tidal.

Air-entraining qhob admixtures
Cua Entraining admixtures yog cov tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm uas ua rau cov npuas me me ntawm cov huab cua tsim kom sib npaug los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke.Cov npuas feem ntau hauv qab 1 hli txoj kab uas hla nrog qhov sib faib siab yog qis dua 0.3 hli.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm entraining cua hauv cov pob zeb muaj xws li:
● Ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kev ua kom khov thiab thawing
●Ntau cohesion ua rau cov ntshav tsawg dua thiab sib xyaw ua ke.
● Txhim kho compaction hauv kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm tsawg.
● Muab kev ruaj ntseg rau cov pob zeb extruded
● Muab kev sib koom ua ke zoo dua qub thiab tuav cov khoom rau cov ntaub pua tsev.
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Dej tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw ua ke
Dej tiv thaiv admixtures feem ntau hu ua 'waterproofing' admixtures thiab kuj tseem hu ua permeability txo 'admixtures.Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txo qhov nqus ntawm qhov chaw mus rau hauv cov pob zeb thiab / lossis cov dej ntws los ntawm cov pob zeb tawv tawv.Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov no, cov khoom lag luam feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv ib lossis ntau txoj hauv qab no:
● Txo qhov loj me, tus naj npawb thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm cov qauv capillary pore
● Thaiv cov txheej txheem capillary pore
● Kaw cov capillaries nrog cov khoom siv hydrophobic los tiv thaiv cov dej los ntawm kev nqus / capillary suction
Cov 'waterproofing' admixtures txo qhov nqus thiab dej permeability los ntawm kev ua ntawm cov qauv capillary ntawm cov cement paste.Lawv yuav tsis txo cov dej nkag los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb lossis los ntawm cov pob zeb tsis zoo uas yog ob qho laj thawj rau cov dej ntws hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse.
Dej tiv thaiv admixtures tau pom tias yuav txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm corrosion ntawm reinforcing steel nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb ua rau ib puag ncig aggression tab sis qhov no yog raws li tsim nyog admixture hom los yog kev sib txuas ntawm hom siv.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej muaj lwm yam kev siv nrog rau kev txo cov efflorescence, uas tuaj yeem yog ib qho teeb meem tshwj xeeb hauv qee cov ntsiab lus precast.

Retarded, npaj siv mortars
Retarded Npaj-rau-siv mortars yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab (air entraining / plasticising admixture) thiab cov tshuaj khib nyiab.Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no tau hloov kho kom muab ncua ntev ntawm kev sib xws, feem ntau rau 36 teev.Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub mortar muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv masonry, kev teeb tsa nrawm nrawm thiab cov tshuaj khib nyiab feem ntau.
Cov khoom no pab txhawb kev muab cov mortar rau lub tsev los ntawm cov neeg muab khoom npaj sib xyaw thiab muab cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
●Quality Assured tswj ntawm mix proportions
● Cov ntsiab lus huab cua zoo ib yam thiab ruaj khov
● Consistence (ua haujlwm tau) khaws cia (txog 72 teev.)
● Kev tsim khoom ntau ntxiv
● Tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom sib tov thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov chaw
●
Cov kev txwv ntawm kev siv cov mortars npaj txhij-rau-siv rau cov uas tsis yog-absorbent masonry thiab rendering, piav qhia nyob rau hauv clauses 4.6 thiab 4.7, yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg.

Sprayed qhob admixtures
Cov pob zeb txau yog pumped mus rau qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab tom qab ntawd pneumatically propelled rau hauv qhov chaw siab tshaj.Cov ntawv thov feem ntau ntsug lossis saum taub hau thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau ceev nrooj yog tias slumping lossis poob los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov substrate hauv qab nws qhov hnyav yuav tsum zam.Hauv kev siv tunneling, sprayed qhob feem ntau yog siv los muab kev txhawb nqa thaum ntxov thiab qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev txhim kho thaum ntxov nrog rau kev nruj heev.
Admixtures tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov pob zeb tshiab los muab kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tswj dej ua ntej txau.Tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua kom nrawm ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag nozzle, rheology thiab teeb tsa ntawm cov pob zeb raug tswj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev txaus siab ntawm cov substrate nrog qhov tsawg kawg ntawm cov khoom tsis sib txuas ua rau rov ua kom rov zoo.
Muaj ob txoj kev:
●Cov txheej txheem qhuav qhov twg cov dej sib tov thiab ib qho accelerator ntxiv rau cov tshuaj khib nyiab qhuav ntawm qhov
● tshuaj tsuag nozzle.
●Cov txheej txheem ntub dej uas cov mortar los yog qhob yog premixed nrog stabilizer / retarder ua ntej
● Pumping mus rau lub nozzle qhov twg lub accelerator ntxiv.

Cov txheej txheem ntub dej tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev xaiv nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no vim nws txo qis cov plua plav emissions, tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rov qab thiab muab kev tswj xyuas ntau dua thiab zoo ib yam.

Corrosion inhibiting qhob admixtures
Nkag siab txog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke - Corrosion inhibiting admixtures nce lub xeev passivation ntawm qhov cuab lub zog thiab lwm yam embedded steel hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse.Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem corrosion dhau lub sijhawm ntev thaum passivation yuav tsis tau ploj vim yog cov tshuaj chloride ingress lossis carbonation.
Corrosion inhibiting admixtures ntxiv rau pob zeb thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom hu ua "integral" corrosion inhibitors.Migratory corrosion inhibitors kuj muaj uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov pob zeb tawv tawv tab sis cov no tsis yog cov khoom sib xyaw.
Qhov feem ntau ua rau kev txhim kho corrosion yog pitting corrosion vim ingress ntawm chloride ions los ntawm lub npog pob zeb thiab tom qab diffusion mus rau hauv cov hlau embedded.Txawm hais tias corrosion inhibitors tuaj yeem nce qhov pib ntawm corrosion ntawm cov hlau, lawv tsis yog lwm txoj hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj dej tsis zoo, ruaj khov uas txwv chloride diffusion.
Carbonation ntawm cov pob zeb ua rau txo qis ntawm alkalinity nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hlau thiab qhov no ua rau poob ntawm passivation uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho corrosion.Corrosion inhibitors tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv qhov kev tawm tsam no.
Corrosion inhibitors tuaj yeem txo cov nqi kho mob ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse nyob thoob plaws lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm 30 - 40 xyoo.Cov qauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj kev pheej hmoo yog cov raug rau ib puag ncig maritime los yog lwm yam xwm txheej uas muaj cov tshuaj chloride nkag mus rau hauv cov pob zeb.Xws li cov qauv muaj xws li txuas hniav, tunnels, industrial nroj tsuag, jetties, wharves, mooring dolphins thiab hiav txwv phab ntsa.Cov qauv kev loj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siv cov ntsev de-icing thaum lub caij ntuj no, xws li cov chaw nres tsheb ntau lub tsev uas cov dej ntsev ntim dej ntws tawm ntawm lub tsheb thiab evaporates rau hauv pem teb slab.

Foamed qhob admixtures
Nkag siab txog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke - Foamed Concrete Admixtures yog cov surfactants uas tau diluted nrog dej ua ntej dhau qhov kev daws teeb meem los ntawm lub tshuab ua npuas dej uas ua rau muaj qhov ruaj khov ua npuas ncauj, zoo ib yam li shaving cream.Qhov no ua npuas ncauj ua ntej yog muab sib xyaw rau hauv cov cementitious mortar hauv qhov ntau uas ua rau qhov yuav tsum tau muaj qhov ntom ntom hauv cov foamed mortar (feem ntau hu ua foamed qhob).
Low Density Fill Admixtures kuj yog surfactants tab sis yog ntxiv ncaj qha rau hauv cov xuab zeb nplua nuj, cov cement cov ntsiab lus qis kom muab 15 mus rau 25% huab cua.Qhov no tsawg ntom ntim;kuj hu ua Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), muaj cov khoom ntws zoo thiab pom kev siv hauv trench filling daim ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam zoo sib xws uas tsis muaj zog ua hauj lwm.

Yog xav paub ntxiv thiab thov rau cov lus hais, thov hu rau peb pab neeg muag khoom.